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Hydrogen Roundtable was organized on 15^th April 2021 in virtual mode by The Energy Forum and FIPI under the aegis of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.

The title given to roundtable was “Hydrogen Economy – the Indian Dialogue- 2021”.
Main purpose of the roundtable was to discuss emerging hydrogen ecosystem by tracking down the road map for exploring opportunities for cooperation, collaboration and coalition.
The hydrogen roundtable was the first of its kind that compromised a High-level Ministerial session.
Green hydrogen also holds an important role in the growth of hydrogen economy because green hydrogen is produced through renewable resources like solar or winds, however the presence of these renewable resources very all around the world which can become a challenge for its systematic development.
The objective of this roundtable was to understand the progress of hydrogen ecosystem across continents and contribute to creating synchrony.

Hydrogen and its types:

It is the first and lightest element of periodic table.
Its pure form is H2 but it’s rarely found in this form.
It is a diatomic and highly combustible gas.
It is a clean fuel with zero emission when burned in oxygen.
There are 3 types of hydrogen:
Grey Hydrogen – It is extracted from hydrocarbons such as fossil fuels, natural gas etc. It constitutes India’s bulk production and it’s by product is CO2.
Blue Hydrogen – It is sourced form fossil fuels and its by products are CO and CO2 that are captured and stored making it a better option than Grey Hydrogen.
Green Hydrogen – It is generated from renewable energy like solar and wind energy. Electricity splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. Its by products are water and water vapours, making it the best option among grey and blue hydrogen.

Why should we choose hydrogen?

India’s production of electricity is heavily coal dependent and it is not good for our environment.
Green hydrogen has many uses in industry and it can be stored in gas pipelines. It can be used to transport the renewable energy when it is converted into ammonia or a zero-carbon fuel.
Hydrogen will replace fossil fuels so that pollution can be reduces and will address oil-price rise.
Hydrogen is most abundant element in universe and it is lighter, energy dense and two three times more efficient than burning petrol.
Transportation sector alone contributes in 1/3^rd of India’s green-house emission.
Hydrogen will benefit transportation, iron and steel and chemical sectors.

What is Hydrogen Economy?

“Hydrogen Economy”, this term was coined by John Bockris for the first time in 1970.
Hydrogen Economy is an envisioned future where hydrogen is used for energy storage, as a clean fuel for vehicles, and long-distance transport of energy because of excellent qualities of hydrogen.
Consequences of hydrogen economy will be hydrogen production, storage, transport and utilization.
It is estimated that green hydrogen will play a big part in the hydrogen economy in future specially in Europe and Japan in next 10 years.

National Hydrogen Mission

It was announced by the Finance-minister in the budget of 2021-22.
Focus of this mission is to link India’s growing renewable capacity with hydrogen economy and generation of hydrogen using green power resources.
Dharmendra Pradhan who is the petroleum and natural gas minister said that they are mainly focusing on the development of infrastructure for increasing the production of green hydrogen.
Significances
India wants to scale up the gas pipeline infrastructure.
Due to its favourable geographic conditions and abundance of natural elements, India has a huge edge in green hydrogen production.
Producing green hydrogen in India can be cost effective.

Other Country’s Hydrogen Plan

Japan – has announced its Basic Hydrogen Policy in 2017. Under which Japan wants to have an international supply chain of Hydrogen and Japan has signed its first hydrogen cooperation deal with UAE to consider supply chain.
South Korea – is also moving in the same direction as Japan and under its policy it wants transparency in hydrogen pricing and want to create an infrastructure for hydrogen driven vehicles.
China – established Z-park Hydrogen and fuel cell industry alliance and is set to be handed a huge boost to hydrogen technology advancement and networking.
Spain – Cummins, the global energy leader has planned to invest in spain specifically in Castilla-La Mancha and wants to build one of the largest green hydrogen production plant there.

Challenges in the way of hydrogen economy

Cost of maintenance for post-completion of fuel cell of a plant can be high.
Economic sustainability of extracting green and blue hydrogen.
Huge investment in Research and Development of such technology and infrastructure.
Green hydrogen production needs optimising plant designs and enhanced infrastructure but with the limited market data and low maturity it can be costly for the government.
Other challenge faced by green hydrogen production is the high energy lose. In the production of green energy losses of energy is quite high in its intermediate processes.

CONCLUSION

Due to the immense benefits of green hydrogen, everyone e=wants to increase its production. More than 10 countries right now are thinking of installing infrastructure for green hydrogen production. Green hydrogen offers solution to many problems whether related to environment or industry. As an alternative to fossil fuels and to make our environment much cleaner and pollution free government all over the world should launch schemes or projects for more green hydrogen production. With the increase in use of green hydrogen we can see a maintainable future.

Every dream that had the power to transform this generation started from a hoax tale, people assumed it to be a complete nuisance, but when it became a reality, the world changed. The trains were considered to be driven by fuel, but by introducing the Mangelev concept, now You can easily move trains by creating an attractive force.

In the same manner, fossil fuels are considered the known and most efficient fuels, but due to rapid growth in population and vehicles, the users have considered using petrol as the best fuel. But due to rising demand and limited supply, there is a hike in petroleum prices, so the world is looking for a better alternative that can successfully replace known fuels.

So people prefer using hydrogen as a fuel for vehicles as it is said to produce the least emission making it both environment and vehicle-friendly. Governments worldwide are starting campaigns that make it easier for researchers to attain funding work on their projects. Various people are still against the vision of hydrogen as the primary fuel.

The biggest hurdle faced while attaining this dream is simply the demand. The rising number of vehicles incident abundant consumption, and to match that demand, the production has to be huge. The machinery for hydrogen fuel manufacturing is expensive so starting it on such a grand scale can either be the most profitable decision ever made or the worst decision ever made.

Amid the rising trend, various companies have come forward with their innovations regarding the project, some companies have developed a hydrogel fuel-powered train, and the list goes on. So there is a high possibility that hydrogen can be the next and best alternative for fuel. Some scientists question the claim of zero-emission; they state that the emission from hydrogen fuel is not zero nor minimal; it is emitted in abundant quantity.

So between these clashes of argument, the world is looking for fuel to solve all their issues. The benefits and losses of hydrogen are being evaluated, but it is highly likely to be our next fuel.

Image Source: forbes.com

Green hydrogen is gaining unprecedented momentum globally. Green hydrogen can be generated from renewable energy and abundantly available biomass. Introduction and adoption of technology to tap into the green hydrogen’s potential will play a key role in securing a clean and affordable energy future for India.

Recently, Union Ministry for Road Transport and Highways, Shri NITIN GADKARI had inaugurated a first of its kind pilot project for Hydrogen-based advanced Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV). It will be a huge shift from fossil fuel and help towards the conservation of our environment.

The minister said that Green Hydrogen can be generated from renewable energy and abundantly available biomass. Introduction and adoption of technology to tap into the Green hydrogen’s potential will play a key role in securing a clean and affordable energy future for India. He further said that FCEV powered by Hydrogen is one of the best zero-emission solutions. It is completely environment friendly with no tailpipe emissions other than water.

This Pilot project is initiated by Toyota Kirloskar Motor Pvt. Ltd. along with International Center for Automotive Technology (ICAT) to study and evaluate the world’s most advanced FCEV Toyota Mirai. The Toyota Mirai was launched in 2014, was one of the world’s first hydrogen fuel electric vehicles.

Toyota Mirai runs on hydrogen fuel on Indian roads and designed for Indian climatic conditions. Toyota Kirloskar Motor claims that the Toyota Mirai is powered by a hydrogen fuel cell battery pack. It is capable of providing a range up to 650 km in a single charge. The best part is that the refueling time of five minutes only. ‘Mirai’ is a Japanese word means ‘future’.

This aims at spreading awareness about Hydrogen, FCEV technology, and disseminating its benefits to support hydrogen-based society for India. Green hydrogen offers huge opportunities to decarbonise a range of sectors, including road transportation. Union Power Minister said he has given a target to NTPC to start buses which will run on hydrogen from Delhi to Jaipur.

In India, Hydrogen Gentech Private Limited (HGPL) is a company with a clear focus on Green Hydrogen, Hydrogen Generation, Hydrogen Purification & Recovery Technologies and its applications in Industry, Renewable Energy, Fuel and Mobility sectors. HGPL is an international technology-based Hydrogen Generation plants manufacturer and supplier based in India.

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Image Source: PTI

Fortescue Future Industries has put up another point toward its global green hydrogen preferences with the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding with German polymer corporation Covestro for the counterpart of 100,000 tonnes of solar-sourced green hydrogen and its by-products annually, starmencing as early as 2024.

Fortescue Future Industries’ (FFI), the entirely owned subsidiary of Australian-based iron ore massive Fortescue Metals Group, is proceeding to act on its furthermore, gigantic green hydrogen yearnings with the declaration of a long-term allowance deal with leading German polymer firm Covestro. The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) will see FFI replenish Covestro with green hydrogen and its offshoots, including green ammonia, launching as early as 2024.

The MOU with Covestro agenda:

The MoU declares that FFI and Covestro agenda to regularize an authorization that will see the former allowance the latter with the counterpart of up to 100,000 tonnes of green hydrogen yearly. That proportion is enough to curtail Covestro’s CO2 emissions by up to 900,000 tonnes a year through the use of its recent procedure of grey hydrogen.

FFI founder and Fortescue chairman Andrew Forrest:

FFI lately declared openly enterprising plans to assemble one of the enormous renewable energy portfolios in the world, providing more than 235 GW of the renewable facility. And in current months, FFI has also endorsed agendas with AGL to flip New South Wales’s coal generators in the Hunter Valley to green hydrogen, to manufacture the world’s hugest electrolyzer manufacturing plant in Queensland as well as a 1 GW solar manufacturing factory, assumably also in Queensland though the locale is not yet confirmed.

“This is a surface-breaking confederation which strengthens the ability of green hydrogen to expedite the decarbonization of some of the most energy-intensive enterprises around the world,” explained Forrest. “FFI and Covestro ration the assumption that green hydrogen and green ammonia will take advantage of a significant function in enabling firms to reach their condition targets and staving off runaway global warming.”

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