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India is on track to overtake China as the world leader in green hydrogen and to compete with it for the top spot in the solar energy sector, according to the country’s electrical minister.

Increased investments in renewable energy, particularly those coming from abroad, are putting India in a strong position to become a major supplier of clean energy technologies as well as a low-emissions exporter of hydrogen and ammonia. Raj Kumar Singh, the minister of power and renewable energy, said on Tuesday in Sydney.

On the margins of a two-day energy summit and meetings of the Quad group of countries, which also includes the United States, Japan, and Australia, Singh declared that his country would overtake China as the leading producer of high-efficiency solar cells and modules. We’ll be the biggest producers of green hydrogen and green ammonia on the entire planet.

Singh claims that India now has a capacity of about 15 gigawatts for the production of solar cells and modules and that an additional 50 gigawatts are being added right now. He claimed that coupled with significant local advances, foreign investment in renewables will “rise dramatically,” averaging between $9 billion and $11 billion annually.

While Mukesh Ambani’s Reliance Industries Ltd., one of India’s most valuable companies, plans to increase the production of solar panels, electrolyzers for clean hydrogen, and rechargeable batteries, billionaire Gautam Adani has committed to investing $70 billion in clean energy assets, including green hydrogen. Last month, the French oil company TotalEnergies SE agreed to work with Adani in India on hydrogen cooperation.

In the interview, Singh said, “We are the biggest and most attractive renewable energy market in the world. The government has in the past provided subsidies for regional solar panel production, and it is currently thinking about doing the same for electrolyzer production.

According to Singh, a sharp rise in imports has relieved the strain on India’s coal supply, which is used for roughly 70% of electrical generating. Despite the spike in global prices, the government has expanded its imports of fuel from overseas in an effort to avoid a repeat of last year’s power shortages.

In terms of solar cell and module production worldwide, India now makes up a very minor portion. China manufactured more than two-thirds of modules and 86 percent of cells in 2021, according to BloombergNEF, dominating both industries.

To address the energy needs of the NHPC guest house, NHPC will create a pilot green hydrogen fuel cell-based microgrid that includes hydrogen production.

The state-owned hydropower juggernaut NHPC announced on Friday that it had inked two memorandums of understanding (MoUs) for the development of pilot green hydrogen technologies to lower the carbon footprint in the power industry in the Leh and Kargil districts of the UT of Ladakh.

According to the official press announcement, NHPC will create a pilot green hydrogen fuel cell-based microgrid, which will also produce hydrogen, to satisfy the guest house’s electricity needs at the Nimmo Bazgo power plant in Leh.

As per MOU signed for Leh district, NHPC shall consider the development of a Pilot Green Hydrogen fuel cell-based Microgrid including Hydrogen production to meet the power requirement of the NHPC guest house. According to the MOU signed for the Kargil district, the hydrogen generated in Kargil will be used in fuel cells for mobility which will be capable to run two buses for up to 8 hrs in the local area of Kargil.

NHPC shall upscale hydrogen production on a commercial scale to supply the hydrogen need of the Ladakh region in different sectors like mobility, transportation, heating, and Micro-grid & subsequent MoU shall be signed separately.

These two Pilot projects will create a roadmap for the future development of Green Hydrogen & subsequent reduction of carbon emissions in the transportation/heating sector and will also attract long-term investment in the Hydrogen economy creating different revenue streams & job opportunities for the youth of UT of Ladakh.

According to the statement, “The hydrogen created in Kargil will be used in fuel cells for mobility, which will be able to drive two buses for up to eight hours in the local Kargil area.”

R K Mathur, the Lieutenant Governor of the UT of Ladakh, was present when the MoUs were signed on Thursday.

In order to meet the region of Ladakh’s needs for hydrogen in several sectors, including mobility, transportation, heating, and microgrid, NHPC intends to scale up hydrogen production on a commercial scale. The ensuing MoU will be signed separately.

In addition to reducing carbon emissions in the transportation and heating sectors, the two pilot projects will lay the groundwork for future green hydrogen development. They will also draw long-term investment into the hydrogen economy, generating new sources of income and job possibilities.

A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between M/s Greenko ZeroC Private Limited (Greenko) and Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) has been signed to jointly seek opportunities in renewable energy, green hydrogen, green ammonia, and other derivatives of green hydrogen.
The two-year agreement was signed in New Delhi on July 26, 2022, by ONGC Director Onshore Shri Anurag Sharma and Greenko CEO & Managing Director Shri Anil Kumar Chalamalasetty. Also present were Union Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas & Urban Affairs Shri Hardeep Singh Puri, Secretary (MoP&NG) Shri Pankaj Jain, ONGC CMD Dr. Alka Mittal, and ONGC Director (Finance).

One of the most well-known suppliers of renewable energy in India is Greenko. It is valid for two years. Hardeep Singh Puri witnessed the signing. According to a statement by the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, India’s goal of producing 5 million tonnes of Green Hydrogen per year by 2030 will be achieved through the activities set out in this MoU.

However, Hydrogen gas is not available in independent form in nature on the earth’s surface. Hence it is to be extracted from various sources of Hydrogen. The two most significant sources of Hydrogen are – Water and Hydrocarbons (fossils).

(MoU) has been signed by Oil & Natural Gas Corporation and M/s Greenko ZeroC (Greenko) to cooperatively seek prospects in renewable energy, green hydrogen, green ammonia, and other green hydrogen derivatives and to work together to look for opportunities in the green hydrogen and renewable energy sectors.

The goal of this MoU is to make India a center for green hydrogen on a global scale, in keeping with the National Hydrogen Mission established by the Honourable Prime Minister. In order to meet India’s goal of producing 5 million tonnes of green hydrogen annually by 2030, the efforts envisioned under this MoU will be helpful.

Hydrogen Gentech Private Limited (HGPL) uses different technologies for the production of Hydrogen gas from Water and Hydrocarbons. Through water electrolysis using Bipolar Technology (Green technology) from water. Through Steam Methane Reforming and Methanol Cracking from Hydrocarbons.
Based in India, Hydrogen Gentech Private Limited (HGPL) is a manufacturer and provider of hydrogen generation plants using international technology. a business that has a distinct focus on green hydrogen generation, purification, and recovery technologies, as well as its applications in the industries of industry, renewable energy, fuel, and transportation.

In order to produce electricity onboard, emit water vapor, and have a range of up to 1,000 km, fuel cells fueled by hydrogen have been tested in trucks by Volvo Trucks.

Volvo Trucks now offers trucks that run on battery power and renewable fuels like biogas to help decarbonize transportation. Fuel cell electric trucks fueled by hydrogen will be added as a third CO2-neutral alternative to its product lineup in the second half of this decade.

According to Roger Alm, President of Volvo Trucks,“We have been developing this technology for some years now, and it feels great to see the first trucks successfully running on the test track. The combination of battery electric and fuel cell electric will enable our customers to completely eliminate CO2 exhaust emissions from their trucks, no matter transport assignments”.

The fuel cell electric vehicles will have a refueling period of under 15 minutes and an operational range comparable to many diesel trucks, up to 1000 kilometers. The two onboard fuel cells have the ability to produce 300 kW of electricity, and the whole weight maybe 65 tonnes or possibly more.

In a few years, customer pilots will begin, and the commercial launch is anticipated during the last years of this decade.

“Hydrogen-powered fuel cell electric trucks will be especially suitable for long distances and heavy, energy-demanding assignments. They could also be an option in countries with limited battery charging possibilities, ” says Alm.

The fuel cells will be provided by Cellcentric, a partnership between the Volvo Group and Daimler Truck AG. For fuel cells created specifically for heavy vehicles, Cellcentric will construct one of Europe’s largest series production plants.

There are many advantages to the new technology, but there are also some obstacles to overcome as it is still in its early stages of development. The infrastructure for refilling big vehicles hasn’t been created, which is another issue.

Alm says,” We expect the supply of green hydrogen to increase significantly during the next couple of years since many industries will depend on it to reduce CO2. However, we cannot wait to decarbonize transport, we are already running late. So, my clear message to all transport companies is to start the journey today with battery electric, biogas, and other options available. The fuel cell trucks will then be an important complement for longer and heavier transports in a few years from now”.

Bosch is expanding into the creation of parts for electrolyzers, devices that utilize electrolysis to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen. In an ideal world, the electricity needed for this function would come from renewable resources like wind or photovoltaic energy, in which case the end product would be referred to as “green hydrogen.”

Utilizing its experience, Bosch will dedicate the Mobility Solutions business area to the development of electrolyzer components and invest up to €500 million in this project by the end of the decade. Demand for green hydrogen is increasing quickly, and not just in energy-intensive industries such as steel, chemicals, and heavy-duty freight, but also in private real estate . This is because energy sources are becoming more diverse, we are moving away from fossil fuels, and we need to minimise CO2 emissions.

By 2030, the EU projects that demand would increase to over ten million metric tonnes annually. In the same time frame, according to Bosch, the global market for electrolyzer components will rise to a size of around €14 billion, with Europe expected to have the fastest rates of development. In order to construct a “smart module,” which combines the electrolyzer stack with a control unit, power electronics, and other sensors, Bosch is working with a number of partners. The company intends to provide these smart modules to manufacturers of electrolysis plants and industrial service providers starting in 2025, with pilot facilities set to go into operation in the following year.

Bosch will integrate a number of these little components using a straightforward procedure. They can then be employed in both smaller units with a capacity of up to ten megawatts and in gigawatt-rated onshore and offshore plants – whether in new-build projects or in existing facilities for conversion to the production of green hydrogen.

The automobile sector’s continuous change represents a significant challenge for the whole industry. As usual, innovation is Bosch’s reaction in this case. The corporation is grabbing the chance to further protect jobs by entering a new industry, one that will add a nonautomotive wing to its mobility solutions business. This growth into electrolyzer components is anticipated to generate employment opportunities for hundreds of employees in the upcoming years. Actually, Heyn added, “We’re juggling three things at once.”We’re having a significant impact on the environment, the economy, and society.”

The goal of ArcelorMittal is to lead the decarbonization of the steel industry, and this test represents a significant advancement in the company’s mission to produce zero-carbon steel using green hydrogen as an input via the DRI-based steelmaking method.

The goal of the experiment was to see if green hydrogen could be used instead of natural gas in the iron ore reduction process. In the initial test, green hydrogen replaced 6.8% of natural gas over the course of 24 hours, reducing CO2 emissions noticeably.

The test’s goal was to evaluate how well green hydrogen could take the place of natural gas in the iron ore reduction process. In this initial test, green hydrogen replaced 6.8% of natural gas for a 24-hour period, resulting in a discernible decrease in CO2 emissions. The electrolyser (a machine that creates green hydrogen from electricity and water) that created the green hydrogen utilised in the test was owned by a third party and shipped to Contrecoeur. Since the iron ore reduction process accounts for more than 75% of ArcelorMittal Long Products Canada’s (“AMLPC”) overall CO2 emissions, this represents a significant advancement.

AMLPC is evaluating the possibility of carrying out further tests in the coming months by increasing the use of green hydrogen at the DRI plant, which could eventually reduce CO [2] emissions in Contrecoeur by several hundred thousand tonnes per year.

A third-party electrolyzer (a device that produces green hydrogen from electricity and water) produced the green hydrogen utilised in the test, and it was transferred to Contrecoeur. Since the iron ore reduction process is responsible for more than 75% of ArcelorMittal Long Products Canada’s (“AMLPC”) overall CO2 emissions, this is a significant advancement.

By increasing the use of green hydrogen at the DRI facility, AMLPC is thinking about doing more trials in the coming months, which might reduce CO2 emissions in Contrecoeur by tens of thousands of tonnes annually. In Contrecoeur, the use of electrolyzers to produce green hydrogen is dependent on a variety of variables, including the availability of sufficient electricity to power the units.

The ArcelorMittal team was greeted by François Perras, President and CEO of AMLPC, on this crucial advancement in the production of low-CO2 steel:

“We just shown that Quebec can lead the world in the production of low-CO2 steel by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.”

ArcelorMittal intends to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 by reducing CO2 emissions intensity globally by 25% by 2030.

A statement on boosting EU production capacity for electrolyzers was signed by the European Commission, Hydrogen Europe, and 20 European businesses, including Topsoe. The proclamation supports the EU’s new goal to produce 20 million tonnes of renewable hydrogen domestically each year and import an extra 20 million tonnes each year.

The European Commission, Hydrogen Europe and 20 European companies including Topsoe signed a declaration on increasing electrolyzer manufacturing capacity in the EU

Power-to-X and energy independence in the EU won’t happen until we also increase electrolyzer production there, according to Roeland Baan, CEO of Topsoe. I am thus very pleased to see the EU’s and the industry’s commitment to doing just that.

The European Commission, Hydrogen Europe, and 20 European companies, including Topsoe, signed a declaration on increasing EU manufacturing capacity for electrolyzers. The declaration backs the EU’s new objective to domestically produce 20 million tonnes of renewable hydrogen annually and import an additional 20 million tonnes.

According to Roeland Baan, CEO of Topsoe, achieving Power-to-X and energy independence in the EU won’t be possible until we also enhance electrolyzer output there. I am thus extremely happy to see the industry’s and the EU’s dedication to achieving precisely that.

Three pillars support the united declaration:

1.pledging to defend the ambitious goals outlined in the reform of the Renewable Energy Directive and the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation Proposal, as well as ensuring a supportive regulatory environment through sufficient permitting regulations.

2. Expanding the Innovation Fund to include the production of new, zero- and low-carbon equipment, such as electrolyzers, will make it easier for people to acquire enough financing. In order to further encourage the widespread use of clean hydrogen technologies, state aid is also available to derisk investments and Carbon Contracts for Difference are implemented.

3. Increasing R&D and guaranteeing the timely and cheap availability of necessary components and materials are two ways to integrate supply chains.

In accordance with the Joint Declaration, the top electrolyzer producers in Europe pledged to boost their production capacity to 17.5 GW by 2025 and to further expand it to meet predicted demand for renewable hydrogen by 2030.

Electrolyser manufacturers in Europe committed on Thursday (5 May) to increase their manufacturing capacity tenfold – to 17.5 GW per year by 2025 – as part of a joint declaration with the European Commission in Brussels.

Union Minister for Power and New and Renewable Energy, Shri R. K. Singh said that the government is working to develop mandates for green hydrogen blending in refineries, fertilisers, and city gas networks. These would create the necessary demand and lead to economies of scale for critical technologies like electrolysers.

The government is also developing a Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) programme to support the indigenisation of electrolysers. The initiative would target the establishment of 10 GW of domestic manufacturing capacity.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has announced the National Hydrogen Mission and his vision to make India a global green hydrogen production and export hub last month.

In recent months, leading Indian companies have expressed interest in scaling up green hydrogen. In February, the union government announced a host of incentives as part of the Green Hydrogen Policy to develop India as a hub for green hydrogen manufacturing and exports. In October, RIL and Danish electrolyser manufacturer, Stiesdal, signed agreements to start local manufacturing in India. This could well be the start of a new industry that could support India’s economic growth in the coming decades.

Corporate boardrooms have also bought into the viability of the technology. Last year, some of India’s biggest companies announced substantial investments in different parts of the green hydrogen ecosystem. Globally, steel manufacturing contributes to around 7% of total greenhouse gas emissions.

In 2021, India’s largest commercial vehicle manufacturer, Tata Motors Ltd joined hands with Indian Oil Corp LTD to conduct a trial with 15 hydrogen fuel-cell-powered buses.Investments from the likes of IOCL also augurs well as this would ensure investments in production, storage, and supply of green hydrogen. The CEEW study recommends setting up a pilot green steel plant in India to promote domestic expertise in using hydrogen for steelmaking.

Policy changes that nudge Indian steelmakers to institutionalise high R&D spending and participate in technology collaboration and pilots must also be pursued. Finally, the hydrogen economy will need support from regulatory drivers like strict emissions norms and a pricing mechanism that penalises polluting fuels and incentivises cleaner alternatives.

A thriving local production ecosystem will not only create a domestic market but is expected to push exports as well, especially to countries such as Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and others. Export is considered lucrative since companies draw higher profit margins.

Green hydrogen is attracting attention as a potential source of clean energy, and is called as ‘the fuel of the future’.

Green hydrogen is defined as hydrogen produced by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable electricity. This is a very different pathway compared to both grey and blue. Grey hydrogen is traditionally produced from methane (CH4), split with steam into CO2 – the main culprit for climate change – and H2, hydrogen. It is produced at industrial scale today, with associated emissions comparable to the combined emissions of UK and Indonesia. It has no energy transition value, quite the opposite.

Green hydrogen could be a critical enabler of the global transition to sustainable energy and net zero emissions economies. It can be an effective and large scale source of fuel in a world that is weaning itself off fossil fuels.

There is unprecedented momentum around the world to fulfill hydrogen’s longstanding potential as a clean energy solution.

In India, several companies such as Gas Authority of India Limited, Adani Group, Bharat Petroleum, Larsen & Toubro (L&T), Indian Oil Corporation (IOCL), Renew Power and others have declared their intentions to enter the green hydrogen space. L&T, IOCL and Renew Power, would be forming a joint venture in order to execute the project.

Reliance Industries is focused on becoming a producer of blue hydrogen, which is made from methane – the predominant constituent of natural gas.

In total, it is estimated that larger players such as L&T, Adani, and Reliance alone would pump Rs 6 trillion into the sector.

Globally, most of the hydrogen produced today is used in the refining and industrial sectors. By the end of the decade, the IEA anticipates that hydrogen will find a host of new applications, including powering grids and fueling the building and transportation sectors.

If the coal and coke that today power most blast furnaces could be replaced with green hydrogen, a sizeable amount of the sector’s emissions could be avoided.

In developing countries such as India, which is investing in the National Hydrogen Mission to help achieve its energy transition goals, hydrogen could be used in transportation, power generation and industry.

According to the IEA, hydrogen can also be used in batteries. Fuel cells could, if developed at a larger scale, help countries set up infrastructure that can store and stabilize the supply of renewable energy.

Hydrogen Roundtable was organized on 15^th April 2021 in virtual mode by The Energy Forum and FIPI under the aegis of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.

The title given to roundtable was “Hydrogen Economy – the Indian Dialogue- 2021”.
Main purpose of the roundtable was to discuss emerging hydrogen ecosystem by tracking down the road map for exploring opportunities for cooperation, collaboration and coalition.
The hydrogen roundtable was the first of its kind that compromised a High-level Ministerial session.
Green hydrogen also holds an important role in the growth of hydrogen economy because green hydrogen is produced through renewable resources like solar or winds, however the presence of these renewable resources very all around the world which can become a challenge for its systematic development.
The objective of this roundtable was to understand the progress of hydrogen ecosystem across continents and contribute to creating synchrony.

Hydrogen and its types:

It is the first and lightest element of periodic table.
Its pure form is H2 but it’s rarely found in this form.
It is a diatomic and highly combustible gas.
It is a clean fuel with zero emission when burned in oxygen.
There are 3 types of hydrogen:
Grey Hydrogen – It is extracted from hydrocarbons such as fossil fuels, natural gas etc. It constitutes India’s bulk production and it’s by product is CO2.
Blue Hydrogen – It is sourced form fossil fuels and its by products are CO and CO2 that are captured and stored making it a better option than Grey Hydrogen.
Green Hydrogen – It is generated from renewable energy like solar and wind energy. Electricity splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. Its by products are water and water vapours, making it the best option among grey and blue hydrogen.

Why should we choose hydrogen?

India’s production of electricity is heavily coal dependent and it is not good for our environment.
Green hydrogen has many uses in industry and it can be stored in gas pipelines. It can be used to transport the renewable energy when it is converted into ammonia or a zero-carbon fuel.
Hydrogen will replace fossil fuels so that pollution can be reduces and will address oil-price rise.
Hydrogen is most abundant element in universe and it is lighter, energy dense and two three times more efficient than burning petrol.
Transportation sector alone contributes in 1/3^rd of India’s green-house emission.
Hydrogen will benefit transportation, iron and steel and chemical sectors.

What is Hydrogen Economy?

“Hydrogen Economy”, this term was coined by John Bockris for the first time in 1970.
Hydrogen Economy is an envisioned future where hydrogen is used for energy storage, as a clean fuel for vehicles, and long-distance transport of energy because of excellent qualities of hydrogen.
Consequences of hydrogen economy will be hydrogen production, storage, transport and utilization.
It is estimated that green hydrogen will play a big part in the hydrogen economy in future specially in Europe and Japan in next 10 years.

National Hydrogen Mission

It was announced by the Finance-minister in the budget of 2021-22.
Focus of this mission is to link India’s growing renewable capacity with hydrogen economy and generation of hydrogen using green power resources.
Dharmendra Pradhan who is the petroleum and natural gas minister said that they are mainly focusing on the development of infrastructure for increasing the production of green hydrogen.
Significances
India wants to scale up the gas pipeline infrastructure.
Due to its favourable geographic conditions and abundance of natural elements, India has a huge edge in green hydrogen production.
Producing green hydrogen in India can be cost effective.

Other Country’s Hydrogen Plan

Japan – has announced its Basic Hydrogen Policy in 2017. Under which Japan wants to have an international supply chain of Hydrogen and Japan has signed its first hydrogen cooperation deal with UAE to consider supply chain.
South Korea – is also moving in the same direction as Japan and under its policy it wants transparency in hydrogen pricing and want to create an infrastructure for hydrogen driven vehicles.
China – established Z-park Hydrogen and fuel cell industry alliance and is set to be handed a huge boost to hydrogen technology advancement and networking.
Spain – Cummins, the global energy leader has planned to invest in spain specifically in Castilla-La Mancha and wants to build one of the largest green hydrogen production plant there.

Challenges in the way of hydrogen economy

Cost of maintenance for post-completion of fuel cell of a plant can be high.
Economic sustainability of extracting green and blue hydrogen.
Huge investment in Research and Development of such technology and infrastructure.
Green hydrogen production needs optimising plant designs and enhanced infrastructure but with the limited market data and low maturity it can be costly for the government.
Other challenge faced by green hydrogen production is the high energy lose. In the production of green energy losses of energy is quite high in its intermediate processes.

CONCLUSION

Due to the immense benefits of green hydrogen, everyone e=wants to increase its production. More than 10 countries right now are thinking of installing infrastructure for green hydrogen production. Green hydrogen offers solution to many problems whether related to environment or industry. As an alternative to fossil fuels and to make our environment much cleaner and pollution free government all over the world should launch schemes or projects for more green hydrogen production. With the increase in use of green hydrogen we can see a maintainable future.

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