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The goal of ArcelorMittal is to lead the decarbonization of the steel industry, and this test represents a significant advancement in the company’s mission to produce zero-carbon steel using green hydrogen as an input via the DRI-based steelmaking method.

The goal of the experiment was to see if green hydrogen could be used instead of natural gas in the iron ore reduction process. In the initial test, green hydrogen replaced 6.8% of natural gas over the course of 24 hours, reducing CO2 emissions noticeably.

The test’s goal was to evaluate how well green hydrogen could take the place of natural gas in the iron ore reduction process. In this initial test, green hydrogen replaced 6.8% of natural gas for a 24-hour period, resulting in a discernible decrease in CO2 emissions. The electrolyser (a machine that creates green hydrogen from electricity and water) that created the green hydrogen utilised in the test was owned by a third party and shipped to Contrecoeur. Since the iron ore reduction process accounts for more than 75% of ArcelorMittal Long Products Canada’s (“AMLPC”) overall CO2 emissions, this represents a significant advancement.

AMLPC is evaluating the possibility of carrying out further tests in the coming months by increasing the use of green hydrogen at the DRI plant, which could eventually reduce CO [2] emissions in Contrecoeur by several hundred thousand tonnes per year.

A third-party electrolyzer (a device that produces green hydrogen from electricity and water) produced the green hydrogen utilised in the test, and it was transferred to Contrecoeur. Since the iron ore reduction process is responsible for more than 75% of ArcelorMittal Long Products Canada’s (“AMLPC”) overall CO2 emissions, this is a significant advancement.

By increasing the use of green hydrogen at the DRI facility, AMLPC is thinking about doing more trials in the coming months, which might reduce CO2 emissions in Contrecoeur by tens of thousands of tonnes annually. In Contrecoeur, the use of electrolyzers to produce green hydrogen is dependent on a variety of variables, including the availability of sufficient electricity to power the units.

The ArcelorMittal team was greeted by François Perras, President and CEO of AMLPC, on this crucial advancement in the production of low-CO2 steel:

“We just shown that Quebec can lead the world in the production of low-CO2 steel by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.”

ArcelorMittal intends to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 by reducing CO2 emissions intensity globally by 25% by 2030.

Union Minister for Power and New and Renewable Energy, Shri R. K. Singh said that the government is working to develop mandates for green hydrogen blending in refineries, fertilisers, and city gas networks. These would create the necessary demand and lead to economies of scale for critical technologies like electrolysers.

The government is also developing a Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) programme to support the indigenisation of electrolysers. The initiative would target the establishment of 10 GW of domestic manufacturing capacity.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has announced the National Hydrogen Mission and his vision to make India a global green hydrogen production and export hub last month.

In recent months, leading Indian companies have expressed interest in scaling up green hydrogen. In February, the union government announced a host of incentives as part of the Green Hydrogen Policy to develop India as a hub for green hydrogen manufacturing and exports. In October, RIL and Danish electrolyser manufacturer, Stiesdal, signed agreements to start local manufacturing in India. This could well be the start of a new industry that could support India’s economic growth in the coming decades.

Corporate boardrooms have also bought into the viability of the technology. Last year, some of India’s biggest companies announced substantial investments in different parts of the green hydrogen ecosystem. Globally, steel manufacturing contributes to around 7% of total greenhouse gas emissions.

In 2021, India’s largest commercial vehicle manufacturer, Tata Motors Ltd joined hands with Indian Oil Corp LTD to conduct a trial with 15 hydrogen fuel-cell-powered buses.Investments from the likes of IOCL also augurs well as this would ensure investments in production, storage, and supply of green hydrogen. The CEEW study recommends setting up a pilot green steel plant in India to promote domestic expertise in using hydrogen for steelmaking.

Policy changes that nudge Indian steelmakers to institutionalise high R&D spending and participate in technology collaboration and pilots must also be pursued. Finally, the hydrogen economy will need support from regulatory drivers like strict emissions norms and a pricing mechanism that penalises polluting fuels and incentivises cleaner alternatives.

A thriving local production ecosystem will not only create a domestic market but is expected to push exports as well, especially to countries such as Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and others. Export is considered lucrative since companies draw higher profit margins.

Green hydrogen is attracting attention as a potential source of clean energy, and is called as ‘the fuel of the future’.

Green hydrogen is defined as hydrogen produced by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable electricity. This is a very different pathway compared to both grey and blue. Grey hydrogen is traditionally produced from methane (CH4), split with steam into CO2 – the main culprit for climate change – and H2, hydrogen. It is produced at industrial scale today, with associated emissions comparable to the combined emissions of UK and Indonesia. It has no energy transition value, quite the opposite.

Green hydrogen could be a critical enabler of the global transition to sustainable energy and net zero emissions economies. It can be an effective and large scale source of fuel in a world that is weaning itself off fossil fuels.

There is unprecedented momentum around the world to fulfill hydrogen’s longstanding potential as a clean energy solution.

In India, several companies such as Gas Authority of India Limited, Adani Group, Bharat Petroleum, Larsen & Toubro (L&T), Indian Oil Corporation (IOCL), Renew Power and others have declared their intentions to enter the green hydrogen space. L&T, IOCL and Renew Power, would be forming a joint venture in order to execute the project.

Reliance Industries is focused on becoming a producer of blue hydrogen, which is made from methane – the predominant constituent of natural gas.

In total, it is estimated that larger players such as L&T, Adani, and Reliance alone would pump Rs 6 trillion into the sector.

Globally, most of the hydrogen produced today is used in the refining and industrial sectors. By the end of the decade, the IEA anticipates that hydrogen will find a host of new applications, including powering grids and fueling the building and transportation sectors.

If the coal and coke that today power most blast furnaces could be replaced with green hydrogen, a sizeable amount of the sector’s emissions could be avoided.

In developing countries such as India, which is investing in the National Hydrogen Mission to help achieve its energy transition goals, hydrogen could be used in transportation, power generation and industry.

According to the IEA, hydrogen can also be used in batteries. Fuel cells could, if developed at a larger scale, help countries set up infrastructure that can store and stabilize the supply of renewable energy.

Hydrogen Roundtable was organized on 15^th April 2021 in virtual mode by The Energy Forum and FIPI under the aegis of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.

The title given to roundtable was “Hydrogen Economy – the Indian Dialogue- 2021”.
Main purpose of the roundtable was to discuss emerging hydrogen ecosystem by tracking down the road map for exploring opportunities for cooperation, collaboration and coalition.
The hydrogen roundtable was the first of its kind that compromised a High-level Ministerial session.
Green hydrogen also holds an important role in the growth of hydrogen economy because green hydrogen is produced through renewable resources like solar or winds, however the presence of these renewable resources very all around the world which can become a challenge for its systematic development.
The objective of this roundtable was to understand the progress of hydrogen ecosystem across continents and contribute to creating synchrony.

Hydrogen and its types:

It is the first and lightest element of periodic table.
Its pure form is H2 but it’s rarely found in this form.
It is a diatomic and highly combustible gas.
It is a clean fuel with zero emission when burned in oxygen.
There are 3 types of hydrogen:
Grey Hydrogen – It is extracted from hydrocarbons such as fossil fuels, natural gas etc. It constitutes India’s bulk production and it’s by product is CO2.
Blue Hydrogen – It is sourced form fossil fuels and its by products are CO and CO2 that are captured and stored making it a better option than Grey Hydrogen.
Green Hydrogen – It is generated from renewable energy like solar and wind energy. Electricity splits water into hydrogen and oxygen. Its by products are water and water vapours, making it the best option among grey and blue hydrogen.

Why should we choose hydrogen?

India’s production of electricity is heavily coal dependent and it is not good for our environment.
Green hydrogen has many uses in industry and it can be stored in gas pipelines. It can be used to transport the renewable energy when it is converted into ammonia or a zero-carbon fuel.
Hydrogen will replace fossil fuels so that pollution can be reduces and will address oil-price rise.
Hydrogen is most abundant element in universe and it is lighter, energy dense and two three times more efficient than burning petrol.
Transportation sector alone contributes in 1/3^rd of India’s green-house emission.
Hydrogen will benefit transportation, iron and steel and chemical sectors.

What is Hydrogen Economy?

“Hydrogen Economy”, this term was coined by John Bockris for the first time in 1970.
Hydrogen Economy is an envisioned future where hydrogen is used for energy storage, as a clean fuel for vehicles, and long-distance transport of energy because of excellent qualities of hydrogen.
Consequences of hydrogen economy will be hydrogen production, storage, transport and utilization.
It is estimated that green hydrogen will play a big part in the hydrogen economy in future specially in Europe and Japan in next 10 years.

National Hydrogen Mission

It was announced by the Finance-minister in the budget of 2021-22.
Focus of this mission is to link India’s growing renewable capacity with hydrogen economy and generation of hydrogen using green power resources.
Dharmendra Pradhan who is the petroleum and natural gas minister said that they are mainly focusing on the development of infrastructure for increasing the production of green hydrogen.
Significances
India wants to scale up the gas pipeline infrastructure.
Due to its favourable geographic conditions and abundance of natural elements, India has a huge edge in green hydrogen production.
Producing green hydrogen in India can be cost effective.

Other Country’s Hydrogen Plan

Japan – has announced its Basic Hydrogen Policy in 2017. Under which Japan wants to have an international supply chain of Hydrogen and Japan has signed its first hydrogen cooperation deal with UAE to consider supply chain.
South Korea – is also moving in the same direction as Japan and under its policy it wants transparency in hydrogen pricing and want to create an infrastructure for hydrogen driven vehicles.
China – established Z-park Hydrogen and fuel cell industry alliance and is set to be handed a huge boost to hydrogen technology advancement and networking.
Spain – Cummins, the global energy leader has planned to invest in spain specifically in Castilla-La Mancha and wants to build one of the largest green hydrogen production plant there.

Challenges in the way of hydrogen economy

Cost of maintenance for post-completion of fuel cell of a plant can be high.
Economic sustainability of extracting green and blue hydrogen.
Huge investment in Research and Development of such technology and infrastructure.
Green hydrogen production needs optimising plant designs and enhanced infrastructure but with the limited market data and low maturity it can be costly for the government.
Other challenge faced by green hydrogen production is the high energy lose. In the production of green energy losses of energy is quite high in its intermediate processes.

CONCLUSION

Due to the immense benefits of green hydrogen, everyone e=wants to increase its production. More than 10 countries right now are thinking of installing infrastructure for green hydrogen production. Green hydrogen offers solution to many problems whether related to environment or industry. As an alternative to fossil fuels and to make our environment much cleaner and pollution free government all over the world should launch schemes or projects for more green hydrogen production. With the increase in use of green hydrogen we can see a maintainable future.

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